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Therefore, this research paper aims at reviewing one of the most influential theories of second language acquisition, which is Contrastive Analysis theory, exploring and discussing its theoretical foundations along with assumptions and then elaborating on the achievements and limitations of this theory. This review study reveals that despite all the adverse criticism, Contrastive Analysis theory has proved to be one of the most significant studies ever made in describing systems of languages. It should also be noted that current research has revived interest in this theory as a complementary and necessary part of the theory of second language acquisition, one that cannot be ignored. Moreover, Contrastive Analysis theory remains an in􀅭luential construct in the field of second language acquisition, using comparisons of languages to explain areas of difficulty for learners. Following such a theory may contribute to a better understanding of the acquisition process of second language structures.